The former player: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Warning: This piece includes descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell says that speaking out to expose racism in professional rugby led his professional journey to an early end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what occurred," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to continue playing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it collapsed when word came out that there were inquiries going on.
"That was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but stated it could not gather sufficient proof to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told media he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had several traumatic experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"This is something that has been dressed up as humour and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to speak out after a fellow player at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has given significant attention on inclusion and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are ongoing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an continuous effort."
All Premiership and women's rugby club now has in-person training on creating inclusive environments, with its effectiveness monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from harmful conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with young people in under-served communities and support them thrive on and off the pitch with free sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their story then I'll persist to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will become about sharing their personal stories as well.
"I take the bull by the opportunity and continue bearing this flag and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to create opportunities and make the game more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that the sport has the potential to change their lives, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to previous team Northampton in November 2022